EXTENSION CONNECTIONS: The great life of turtles

Turtles are one of the oldest reptiles in Florida and have changed very little throughout history. 

They are typically recognized by the presence of shells and can be terrestrial, marine or freshwater turtles. In the USA and Britain, terrestrial forms are referred to as “tortoises” and the aquatic forms as “turtles.” 

In Florida there are 25 species of turtles and they occur on every continent in the world, except for Antarctica.

Florida’s only true tortoise is the gopher tortoise. This species digs long burrows around upland pine, oak or scrub areas. These burrows provide habitat for many other types of animals, which is why this tortoise is considered a keystone species and is protected by law. 

Some of the freshwater turtles include the snapping turtle, basking and box turtles, mud and musk turtles, and the soft shell turtle.

Marine turtle species are called sea turtles and are identified by their shells and modified limbs, which are non-retractable flippers. Sea turtles spend their entire lives at sea, except for nesting season when the females return for a short period of time to lay eggs. 

During sea turtle nesting season — April through October — it is important to keep beaches turtle friendly. Ways to do this include keeping lights off, or using lights with low wavelengths so the artificial lights do not disorient the turtle hatchlings. Keep your distance if you encounter a sea turtle and keep beaches clear of holes and leftover recreation equipment.

Hatchlings will imprint on their beach of birth and return in 20 to 30 years to lay their eggs.

Sea turtles make up two of the seven families of turtles in Florida. Each species of turtle has a specific habitat and adaptation allowing for their survival. As one of our oldest reptiles, turtles have great stories to tell. 

For more information on marine science and natural resources information, email Brooke Saari at bsaari@ufl.edu or call her at 689-5850.

Brooke Saari is with the Sea Grant Marine Science and Natural Resources of the University of Florida IFAS Okaloosa County Extension Office.